[Social Science] Paper II TET

Geography:-

The sun, the moon and all objects shining in the night sky are called celestial bodies. They are made up of gases.

Ursa Major or Big Bear is a constellation.

One of the most easily recognizable constellation is the small bear or Saptarishi (Sapta-seven, rishi-sages).

The North Star indicates the north direction. It is also called the Pole Star. It always remains in the same position in the sky.

The word ‘planet’ comes from the Greek word “Planetai” which means ‘wanderers’.

Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus have rings around them.

These rings may be seen from the earth with the help of powerful telescopes.

  

An easy way to memorise the name of the planets in order of their distance from the sun is: MY VERY EFFICIENT MOTHER JUST SERVED US NUTS.

Mercury is nearest to the sun. It takes only about 88 days to complete one round along its orbit.

Venus is considered as ‘Earth’s-twin’.

Earth is fifth largest planet.

Light travels at the speed of about 300,000 km per second. Yet, even with this speed, the light of the sun takes about eight minutes to reach the earth.

Neil Armstrong was the first man to step on the surface of the moon on 21 July 1969.

Apart from the stars, planets and satellites, there are numerous tiny bodies which also move around the sun. These bodies are called asteroids. They are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

The small pieces of rocks which move around the sun are called meteoroids.

The Sun - tallest, The moon - smallest; Mercury, Mars, Venus and Earth (almost equal heights); Neptune, Uranus, Saturn and Jupiter taller than the earlier four planets but smaller than the Sun.

Every planet spins in anti-clock wise except for Venus and Uranus who will make the spin in the clock-wise direction.

Our solar system is a part of Milky Way galaxy.

History:-

Sulaiman and Kirthar hills are in northwest.

Garo hills are in north-east and the Vindhyas in central India.

In ancient time the south of the Ganga was known as Magadha.

The word India comes from the Indus, called Sindhu in Sanskrit.

The name Bharata was used for a group of people who lived in the northwest, and who are mentioned in the Rigveda.

Manuscript was written about a thousand years ago. The palm leaves were cut into pages and tied together to make books. The Latin word ‘manu’, meaning hand.

BC- Before Christ

AD- Anno Domini

Rosetta is a town on the north coast of Egypt.

The beginning of agriculture (8000 years ago)

Social and Political Life:-

Ladakh is a desert in the mountains in the eastern part of Jammu and Kashmir. Very little agriculture is possible here since this region does not receive any rain and is covered in snow for a large part of the year. There are very few trees that can grow in the region. For drinking water, people depend on the melting snow during the summer months. People here keep sheep and the sheep in this region are special because they produce pashmina wool. This wool is prized and pashmina shawls cost a lot of money. The people in Ladakh carefully collect the wool of the sheep and sell this to traders from Kashmir. Pashmina shawls are chiefly woven in Kashmir.

                          The people eat meat and milk products like cheese and butter. Each family owns some goats, cows and dzos (yak-cows). Being a desert did not mean that Ladakh did not attract its share of traders. It was considered a good trade route as it had many passes through which caravans travelled to what is today called Tibet. These caravans carried textiles and spices, raw silk and carpets.Kesar Saga are performed and sung by both Muslims and Buddhists.

The boat race is an important part of the Onam festival celebrated in Kerala.

‘Don't forget the days of blood, O friend’ song was sung after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar.

The Discovery of India-Jawaharlal Nehru

India's national anthem, composed by Rabindranath Tagore.

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